MIMM 387 Lecture : Jan 16 2012- Cawthorn.docx

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magentacricket108

15 May 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Microbiology and Immun (Sci)

Course

MIMM 387

Professor

Robert Murgita

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Document Summary

Anything that is new, useful, etc (see slide) or anything useful. Usually the patent agent will guide you in terms of what you can patent (inventions). To be an inventor, you need to have brought inventiveness to the invention (you need to bring something more than what a machine could bring). Technicians (only producing results) would not be an inventor, but if a technician changes one reagent for another and makes it more useful, then you become in inventor. The first one that you will see in the lab/companies. Industrial design (design can also fall into a trademark/logo: trademark, copyright, plant breeder"s rights, confidential information, trade secret and know-how. Patentability criteria includes novelty (never been disclosed before, not even in an oral presentation), utility and inventiveness (non-obviousness). In arguing for a patent, the more different publications that you need to prove non-inventiveness, the more inventive the idea actually is.

Related Questions

British medical doctor, Edward Jenner, is credited with inventing smallpox vaccination - the world's first immunization. On May 14th 1796, Jenner collected secretions from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid and rub them at the scratches he made on the skin of an eight-year-old boy. Then about a month later, he injected the boy with secretions from a lesion on a smallpox patient. The child did not get smallpox, he was immune. Jenner termed his technique vaccination, which comes from the Latin term for cow, vacca.

Medical doctors began vaccinating people with special two prong needles and eventually smallpox was eradicated worldwide. The last case was documented on October 26th 1977. Eradication represents one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine, but smallpox virus itself still exists. Stocks are kept frozen in secure laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia and in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia.

Imagine you are assigned to be a part of a team tasked to determine what to do with the world's remaining stores of smallpox virus. Given that this is a public health problem related to the field of microbiology and infectious disease control and prevention, address the following:

Should laboratories keep them? Or should they be destroyed?

In other words should we intentionally make a species extinct forever?

What facts do you need to make an informed decision?

If the decision were to be made today, how would you vote?

Smallpox is likely the worst infectious disease of all time killing an estimated 300 million people in the 19th century alone. It is a terrifying killer, with a death rate as high as 33% and the survivors carrying lifelong scars. British medical doctor, Edward Jenner, is credited with inventing smallpox vaccination - the world's first immunization. On May 14th 1796, Jenner collected secretions from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid and rub them at the scratches he made on the skin of an eight-year-old boy. Then about a month later, he injected the boy with secretions from a lesion on a smallpox patient. The child did not get smallpox, he was immune. Jenner termed his technique vaccination, which comes from the Latin term for cow, vacca. Medical doctors began vaccinating people with special two prong needles and eventually smallpox was eradicated worldwide. The last case was documented on October 26th 1977. Eradication represents one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine, but smallpox virus itself still exists. Stocks are kept frozen in secure laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia and in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Imagine you are assigned to be a part of a team tasked to determine what to do with the world's remaining stores of smallpox virus. Given that this is a public health problem related to the field of microbiology and infectious disease control and prevention, address the following: Should laboratories keep them? Or should they be destroyed? In other words should we intentionally make a species extinct forever? What facts do you need to make an informed decision? If the decision were to be made today, how would you vote?

Scenario 4:
You are trying to image some biological event that occurs upon ~10ms time scale in a population of cells or tissue sample. This could involve measuring changes in membrane potential or calcium concentration, or rapid changes in some other biochemical event. The sample is of course live, and cellular (~5Î¼m) spatial resolution is required. The probes are generally reasonable bright but not sufficient that photobleaching and phototoxicity is not an issue. Issues to consider include acquisition time and the balance of signal collection efficiency and photo damage.

The scenario describes commonly encountered problems in applying fluorescence microscopy to study biological samples. I would like you to discuss ways of overcoming the problems at hand.

-What is the cause of the fundamental limitation(s) present in the problem when using a conventional fluorescence microscope system (wide field microscope or regular confocal microscope)? What are the tradeoffs (e.g. photobleaching, acquisition speed, spatial resolution, signal, noise and background, or other factors) that provide practical limitations?

-What type of optical imaging approach, technology or strategy could overcome these problems?

-What light source, optical detector, fluorophore and other key instrumentation/reagents will be needed and why? (you may want to provide specs for specific products where relevant).

-How will this strategy work and how will it generate new information about the object/process being studied: e.g. will fluorescence intensity be measured, or fluorescence lifetime, or scattering, some other property?

-What other limitations could there be in the approach planned? Can these also be minimized and how?

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MIMM 387 Lecture : Jan 16 2012- Cawthorn.docx

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