MIMM 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Tetanus Vaccine, Hpv Vaccines, Innate Immune System
17 Apr 2017
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Safe: must not cause illness or death, protective, must protect against illness upon exposure to pathogen, gives sustained protection, protection must last several years. Induces neutralizing ab and specific cellular immunity: practical, low cost per dose, stability, route of administration, few side effects. Vaccine classification: virulent organism, attenuated organism, live organism/pathogen that is no longer disease-causing, measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, varicella, killed whole organism. Sub-unit vaccine - pick and choose antigens: tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pneumococcus, meningococcus, h influenzae, hepatitis b, hpv. There are several vaccine strategies, each with unique advantages and challenges: whole organism, live attenuated (e. g. mmr) Inactivated or killed (e. g. influenza virus: purified macromolecule, toxoid (e. g. tetanus, subunit (e. g. hepb, conjugate (e. g. haemophilus influenzae type b, other, viral-like-particles (e. g. hpv, dna, recombinant. Attenuated vaccines: virus has multiple mutations that prevent it from causing a productive infection in immunocompetent humans, exception: immunocompromised individuals.
