MIMM 214 Lecture 31: Negative Regulation & T Regs
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A researcher created a purebredstrain of these smart mice and started breeding them with othermice to map the gene responsible for the phenotype. After a fewgenerations, she narrowed the locus down to a 10Mb region onChromosome 4. In order to create a finer map, Ashley picked 10 SNPsfrom this region. She genotyped 100 smart mice for each of theseSNPs. The results are given in the table below. First column is theID number of the SNP. Second column shows you which nucleotides arepossible for that SNP location. Columns 3 and 4 show how many ofthe smart mice have either genotype. Assume all genotypes arehomozygous:
SNP # | Possible genotypes | Smart mice (Total:100) | |
1 | A or G | A: 20 | G: 80 |
2 | T or C | T: 49 | C: 51 |
3 | A or T | A: 11 | T: 89 |
4 | C or G | C: 67 | G: 23 |
5 | A or C | A: 0 | C: 100 |
6 | T or C | T: 52 | C: 48 |
7 | A or G | A: 95 | G: 5 |
8 | T or C | T: 55 | C: 45 |
9 | A or T | A: 40 | T: 60 |
10 | A or G | A: 15 | G: 85 |
Which SNPs are linked to thegene you are trying to find? Which ones are not? What test do youneed to apply to prove this statistically?
Organize the linked SNPs fromfurthest to closest to the gene of interest.
After narrowing down thelocation of the gene to a manageable portion of the chromosome,what does Frank need to do to exactly prove which gene is makingthe mice smarter and how?
Question 4
Using the terms provided, complete the statements below. Some terms may apply more than once, while others may not apply at all. (15 points)
Guanine histone Double helix Adenine conservative cytosine | Okazaki fragments Thymine introns Leading strand RNA polymerase 5-prime to 3-prime | Uracil chromatin DNA ligase Semi-conservative promoter | Lagging strand DNA polymerase nucleosomes Electron transport chain enhancer |
Watson and Crick determined that DNA exists in the form of a _______________, where two antiparallel chains of nucleotides wind around each other. The nitrogenous bases project to the interior where they hydrogen bond in specific pairs, ___________ with __________ and _____________ with ____________.Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA is replicated by the _______________ model in which the parent molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for synthesis of a new strand. Synthesis of DNA is carried out by _________________, which builds the new strands in the ___________ direction. While the ______________ grows continuously; the _______________ is built in short sections called _________________, which will eventually be joined together by __________________. Eukaryotic __________________ is composed of DNA and _____________ proteins that bind together forming ________________________, the basic units of DNA packaging.
Question 5
In the table below, predict (yes or no) whether or not the E. coli lac operon will be transcriptionally active in the presence or absence of glucose or lactose as indicated and respond to questions "a" and "b."
Lactose | Glucose | Lac expression? |
No | Yes | |
Yes | Yes | |
Yes | No |
Explain each of your answers in terms of the molecular mechanisms that are known to underlie the regulation of the lac operon. Which mechanism is considered to be negative control and which is considered to be positive control? Explain.
Question 6
Use the genetic code table in your textbook to aid you in answering the questions below. (15 points)
a.) Use the genetic code table to deduce the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the mRNA shown here:
5’AUGAUUGGAGGUUUGAUCGGGCAAUAGGGGUUUCAGUAAAUG3’
b.) Explain how the above sequence in "a" illustrates that redundancy of the genetic code.
c.) Explain what would happen if a mutational event caused the underlined "G" to be changed to a "U"? What is the name for this kind of mutation?