MIMM 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Macrophage, Inflammation, Histamine
7 Jun 2018
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Lecture 21 – February 22, 2017
Th2
Th2 pattern
- In response to IL-4 (signal 3)
- Characterized by production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (effector cytokines)
- Master transcriptional regulator Is GATA 3
- Classically believed to activate humoral responses:
o Activation and differentiation of B cells
o Promotes production of Neutralizing antibodies and class switching
- Important role in response to helminths
o Recruits and activates eosinophils, mast cells and basophils
- Dysregulated Th2 responses are involved in allergies
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Parasitic Helminths
- Multicellular worms
- Colonize gut of animals and humans all over the world (1 billion people currently affected with a
helminth)
- Often cause chronic infection
Helminths & the hygiene hypothesis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Characterized by production of il-4, il-5, il-13 (effector cytokines) Classically believed to activate humoral responses: activation and differentiation of b cells, promotes production of neutralizing antibodies and class switching. Important role in response to helminths: recruits and activates eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. Dysregulated th2 responses are involved in allergies. Colonize gut of animals and humans all over the world (1 billion people currently affected with a helminth) Original hygiene hypothesis: some regions have higher rates of allergy and this could be explained by overly clean and hygienic environment, leading to understimulated immune system that responds inappropriately to antigens. How, why: very active area of research, one avenue: helminth infections induce tregs this may help explain how they act as immunomodulators of inflammatory diseases, take these conclusions with grain of salt. Ige antibodies can be important for immune responses against helminths.
