PARA 438 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Adaptive Immune System, Immunity (Medical), Edward Jenner

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Clinical sign: smallpox (head, hands, legs); after the 1st exposure, people are not susceptible anymore. Cowpox (under infected cows) milder; if get infected with this, never get smallpox. Vaccination of high % population = prevention of reappearance. If 92% get vaccinated, the rest 8% won"t have this disease. Infection in low amount: not immunogenic, need higher dose, cleared by innate immunity; high doses: induction of an adaptive immune response. Ab get recognize toxin before ag see the nurse of the body---to prevent. Vaccine: increase amount of ab & affinity to ag; more rapid and effective for re-exposure; ab need for the 3: Memory cell: good for lymphocyte and b [long-lived ag-specific lymphocytes] Tc memory decline a bit faster (10-15 yr) Vaccine-induced protection due to immunological memory specific to disease. Goal: need vaccine give in prevention, safe and long-lived. H1n1: >75 yr not affected, why? have big outbreak for the same type of ag in their childhood.

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