PHGY 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
15 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Signaling between hypothalamus and the pituitary: fsh: follicle stimulating hormone, lh: luteinizing hormone. Igf-1: insulin-like growth factor 1: prolactin-inhibiting hormone (pih) is like dopamine, posterior pituitary gland, outgrowth of hypothalamus connected by the pituitary stalk, secretes oxytocin and vasopressin, oxytocin and vasopressin synthesized in two hypothalamic nuclei. Paraventricular: prohormones processed in secretory granules during axonal transport, mature hormones liberated from the carrier molecule, neurophysins, circulating half lives: 1-3 minutes, oxytocin, males: no known function, but secreted by posterior pituitary, females, parturition. Uterus extremely sensistive to oxytocin at end of pregnancy. Dilation of uterine cervix by fetal head causes reflex release of oxytocin. Causes uterus to contract, assists the expulsion of fetus and placenta: milk ejection in lactating mother, response to the stimulus of suckling. Molecular mechanisms of action of thyroid hormone: t3 & t4 enter target cell nucleus, bind to their cognate nuclear receptor. Alters transcription of specific genes/proteins: may induce effects by interactions with plasma membrane and mitochondria.
