PHGY 213 Lecture 2: Endocrinology
18 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Endocrine glands and their secretions: anatomic location, hormones secreted, chemical nature of hormones, effects, mechanism of action, control of release, problems, treatment. Pituitary gland: anatomy: two distinct/different tissues, adenohypophysis, aka anterior pituitary, or pars distalis, neurohypophysis, aka posterior pituitary, or pars nervosa, endocrine tissue, neural tissue. Signaling between hypothalamus and pituitary: releasing hormone from hypothalamus stimulate release of hormones from anterior pituitary. Males: ejaculation: increase of oxytocin during sexual activity assists passage of sperm, behavioral effects: same as women in epididymis and ejaculation. Iodine deficiency: when not enough iodine, t3 & t4 synthesis decreases, thyroid enlarges several folds in size, lump --goiter. Increased release of tsh, thyroid follicular cells constantly stimulated: tries to compensate by growing, enlarged thyroid unable synthesize biologically active thyroid hormones; non- toxic goiter. Summary of thyroid hormones" effects: thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate. Important for growth and tissue homeostasis (accumulate carbon, proteins, lipids, etc. : stimulation of calorigenesis in most cells.
