PHGY 313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Immunity (Medical), Smallpox, Cowpox
24 May 2016
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Document Summary
Immunological principle of vaccines: exposure to ag, humoural/cell-mediated immunity, generation of effector mechanism, immunization (active or passive, development of memory cells. Antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to disease. Vaccines can be prophylactic (preventative) or therapeutic (against cancer) Not all vaccines are equally effective, and not all are in routine use. Must be given to large number of people to make a difference. Must prime both b and t lymphocytes: induce protective t cells, and neutralizing antibody. Children aged 0-5 have reduced immunity: vaccination designed to boost exposure , only way to boost igg after birth is exposure to pathogens, higher rates of disease and death. Meningococcal infection: gram-positive, causative agent for bacterial meningitis. Simply by introducing the vaccination, you see lowered incidences of this disease. Vaccination of the population protects the unprotected; creates a firewall . Unimmunized have a smaller chance of disease (70%), close to those immunized (90%)!
