POLI 231 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Eugene De Kock, Dirk Coetzee, Ruth First
17 May 2018
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Apartheid and the International State System
• International regimes were becoming increasingly turned off by the atrocities going on
inside SA
• After the Cold War, NATO countries had cultivated long ties with the apartheid regime
• The UK, US, France, WG, and Italy sold SA weapons and kept apartheid afloat through
trade and loans
• Israel and Taiwan were also key allies
• UK had enduring interests in SA which had lasted since colonization
o The UK maintained connection
• Apartheid regime had been resolutely anti-communist
o They were afraid of domestic populations buying into communism
o The did’t at a ealaig of the etee ieualit ithi “A
o This was attractive during the Cold War and made them a stable ally of the US
• Two key figures steadfastly refused to condemn apartheid:
o Roald Reaga’s U“
o Maget Thathe’s UK
Southern Africa
• Countries like Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland had similar colonial
legacies
Apartheid Counterinsurgency
• Joint Management System
• As Portugal lost its colonies they did not do so peacefully
o Portugal was a member of nato
• Many Special Forces personell joined the Rhodesians, after Rhodesia fell, they joined
South African forces
• The Apartheid security forces used Death Squads to assassinate both violent and non-
violent insurgents
• South Africa white minority inherited important components of past Portuguese forces
• Extensive recruitment of African spies within the ANC and MK
• Afia eels ee aptued ad tued ito oloial speial foes: askais
Most notable Apartheid assassination:
• ANC officer Joe Gqabi
• ANC leader Ruth First
Notorious Death Squad leaders:
• Dirk Coetzee – Eventually defected to ANC
• Eugene De Kock
Black on Black violence: A key apartheid strategy:
• Most black SA supported the ANC or other anti-apartheid movements
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