POLI 231 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Afrikaner Broederbond, Protestantism, Soweto Uprising
17 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Ideology and Rebellion
The armed struggle against apartheid in South Africa
Colonization and Expansion
• People were in SA early on – atleast 100,000 years ago
• In more recent centuries, there were several different African groups divided by
ethnicity and language prior to colonization
• They had political systems of their own prior to the arrival of Europeans
• First Europeans arrived in 16th century – mainly protestant fleeing persecution in
Holland and France
• Brits ega oloizig i ; disoered diaods ad gold i ’s
• Became strategic territory with fertile land and natural resources
• This led to a showdown between Holland and Britain (Anglo-Boer War)
o Brits won
• Started laws restricting black land ownership and black representation
• South Africa was granted independence in 1910, and was governed by a white minority
Roots of Apartheid
• Meas seperateess i Afrikaas
• State-sanctioned Racism
• Arms struggle eventually emerges which is directly opposed to the policy of racial
discrimination which had become enshrined in law
• 1948 – History of discriminatory laws against Africans, resulted in apartheid coming into
law with the election of the National Party
• Elections were only held by the white minority
• Put into place a series of laws which heavily restricted black ability to do much
• Intended to marginalize non-whites economically, politically, and socially
• Foudatio of apartheid poer lay i the Broederod - a kind of secret society
Afrikaanz people
African National Congress
• Founded in 1912 to promote African human rights
• Increasingly active after 1950s opposing apartheid and the laws which enforced
apartheid
o Racist pass laws which mandated that Africans could not travel anywhere
ithout a id ard ad ould’t e i areas desigated for hites
• 1960: A massacre of 69 African peaceful and unarmed protestors at Sharpeville on 21
March led to the decision for the ANC to stop the futile peaceful resistance
• ANC leader Nelso Madela: suit or fight
• South African National Congress launched a wave of attacks - a symbolic message that
there was a willingness to fight and that there was an armed presence in SA
o This wave of attacks led to arrest of leaders including Mandela in 1963 – until his
release in 1990
o The CIA tracked him down.
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