PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy, Availability Heuristic, Reference Class Problem
Lecture 2
Tuesday, May 2, 2017
1:27 PM
Psychology all around us
• Warning sign that they aren't real science -
o Perfect results, huge results
o Where is it published
o Who is behind it
• Fallacies - faulty reasoning
• Guidelines for evaluating scientific claims
• Principles of scientific thinking
o Falsifiability - need claims that can be proven or disproven
o Occam's razor/ KISS/ Reliability
• Negative results aren't published often
• Research integrity
o Retraction watch board
• Structuralism
o Wundt and Titchener
o Aim - identify the most fundamental elements of psychological experience
o Importance of introspection and systematic observation
o Structure and elements of consciousness
• Functionalism
o William James (influenced by Darwin)
o Aim: understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics
o First psych textbook published at this time
• Behaviourism
o Watson, Skinner, and Pavlov
o Aim: uncover the general laws of learning by focusing on external observable
elements
• Cognitivist
o Piaget and Neisser
o Aim: understand mental processes and examine their role in behaviour
o Focus on our interpretation of events
• Psychodynamic
o Freud and Jung
o Aim: uncover internal processes we are unaware of
o Unconscious psychological processes and early life experiences
Psychological Perspectives
• Biological aspects
• Psychodynamic
• Behavioural
• Cognitive
• Humanistic
• Sociocultural view
Depressed mood
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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PSYC 100 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Psychology all around us: warning sign that they aren"t real science , perfect results, huge results, where is it published, who is behind it. Fallacies - faulty reasoning: guidelines for evaluating scientific claims, principles of scientific thinking, falsifiability - need claims that can be proven or disproven, occam"s razor/ kiss/ reliability, negative results aren"t published often, research integrity, retraction watch board. Structuralism: wundt and titchener, aim - identify the most fundamental elements of psychological experience. Importance of introspection and systematic observation: structure and elements of consciousness. Psychological perspectives: biological aspects, psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, humanistic. Depressed mood: has biological influences, has psychological influences. Anchoring: related to priming and framing (how you are framing the question and what you are presented with affects you) First phd awarded nobel prize: there stuff used in economics, how people make decisions and how they aren"t always rational.
