PSYC 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Assertiveness, Meta-Analysis, Role Theory
7 May 2018
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Lecture'16:'TBD''
(March'1)'
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Introduction:''
Critics'of'theories'about'gender:'they'explain'more'than'they'predict.'
Also,'explanations'about'the'origins'of'the'gender'differences'are'diverse'and'distant.''
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Plan:'
I.#What#is#“masculinity”#and#“femininity”?##
A.'Two'basic'modes'of'existence'(Bakan,'1966)'
B.'Social'role'theory'
C.'Graphs:'Agency'and'Communion''
D.'Gender'differences'in'well-being''
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II.#Why?##
A.'Communion'and'well-being'
B.'Agency'and'well-being''
C.'Why'gender'differences'in'well-being?''
D.'Unmitigated'communion'(Fritz'and'Helgeson,'1998)'
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III.#What#about#situations?#
A.'Situational'influences'on'gender'differences'in'agency'and'communion'(Moskowitz'et'
al.,'1994)'
B.'Interpersonal'behaviour''
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IV.#What#about#time?# #
A.'Changes'in'women’s'assertiveness'in'response'to'status'and'roles'(Twenge,'2001)'
B.'Gender'identity'
C.'Social'roles'and'women’s'assertiveness''
D.'Changes'in'women’s'assertiveness'in'response'to'status'and'roles'(Twenge,'2001)'
E.' Dynamics' of' masculine-agentic' and' feminine-communal' traits' (Abele,' 2003):'
Reciprocal'impact'hypothesis''
G.'Selective'for'agency'(vs.'communion)?'
H.'Social'role'theory'(Eagly,'1987;'Eagly'and'Wood,'1991)'
I.'Biosocial'interaction'
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I.'What'is'“masculinity”'and'“femininity”?''
Sex,'gender'and'psychology'(Helgeson,'1994):'
-male'and'female'(sex)'
-masculine'and'feminine'(gender)'
=>'what'are'theses'traits'getting'at?'
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A.'Two'basic'modes'of'existence'(Bakan,'1966)'
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Maleness'has'often'been'associated'with'agency.'
Femaleness'has'often'been'associated'communion.''
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B.'Social'role'theory'
Social'role'theory'explains'very'well'how'these'associations'were'created.''
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Division'of'labor'ensures'efficient'functioning'and'ultimate'survival.'
There'are'2'common'goals'of'society'(Redfield,'1960):'
-getting'a'living'(A)'
-living'together'(C)'
-or'“getting'ahead'and'getting'along”'(Hogan,'Jones'&'Cheek,'1985)'
Males'are'biologically'larger,'stronger,'faster,'through'this'division'of'labour,'they'tend'
to'take'particular'role'and'do'specific'actions:'hunt,'protect,'lead.''
Females' are' uniquely' equipped' to' breed' and' suckle' young,' it' leads' to' a' very' different'
division'of'labour:'rear'children,'prepare'food,'maintain'household.''
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C.'Graphs:'Agency'and'Communion''
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Communion'and'agency'are#independent#and#not#correlated.#
Any' correspondence' of' communion' and' agency' can' exist' in' society' and' for' any'
individual.''
A#balance#between#agency#and#communion#is#important.##
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Document Summary
Critics of theories about gender: they explain more than they predict. Also, explanations about the origins of the gender differences are diverse and distant. Plan: what is masculinity and femininity , two basic modes of existence (bakan, 1966, social role theory, graphs: agency and communion, gender differences in well-being. Why: communion and well-being, agency and well-being, why gender differences in well-being, unmitigated communion (fritz and helgeson, 1998) What about situations: situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion (moskowitz et al. , 1994, interpersonal behaviour. => what are theses traits getting at: two basic modes of existence (bakan, 1966) Femaleness has often been associated communion: social role theory. Social role theory explains very well how these associations were created. Division of labor ensures efficient functioning and ultimate survival. There are 2 common goals of society (redfield, 1960): Or getting ahead and getting along (hogan, jones & cheek, 1985)
