SOCI 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Multiculturalism In Canada, Visible Minority, Japanese Canadians
3 May 2018
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Lecture 16: Multiculturalism
February 27th, 2018
! Elements of Canadian multiculturalism
•!Demographic reality
o!Diversity: racial, ethnic and cultural (linguistic, religious)
•!Ideology
o!Beliefs re: relation between diversity and nation state building
•!Policy and practices
o!Implementation of multiculturalism ideology into programs and policies
o!Promotion of political and minority interests
Multiculturalism as a demographic reality
! 2011 Survey in Canada
•!Census of 2011 was the only one where the Canadian
government decided to mix the mandatory census
•!Prior to the 2011 census, they would send out the long
form of the census (more information) to 20% of
households – this is what people use to make policies
•!Politics, being what it is, the preservative government
decided that the long form was unnecessary and decided to
remove it in the 2011
•!They had a nationality survey (national household survey)
that was randomly assigned to random households and
that was used to replace the long form survey
•!Fast forward to 2016:
o!The long form was reinstated
o!If you’re interested in the trend analysis, 2016 is the reliable source
•!We think that the 2011 national household survey is reliable at the aggregate level
o!Distribution of the visible minority population across different cities in Canada
o!In 2011, we had visible minority being 19% of the Canadian population
"!South Asians
"!Chinese
"!Black Canadians
o!The groups who constitute the largest visible minority will vary a lot depending
where you are in Canada
"!In Toronto, the 3 largest visible minority groups reflect the ones of Canada
"!But in Montreal, they are Black, Arabs, and Latin American
! Visible minority by population by nativity status, 2011
•!As we can see, the majority of visible minority in Canada are first generation
immigrants
o!Born overseas but immigrated to Canada
•!Another majority are native born
o!This population is growing and becoming the area of focus of social scientists –
focused about how well these immigrants are doing in terms of overall integration
! Nativity status and generational status of visible minority groups
•!You have for certain populations a substantial proportion who
are Canadian born
o!Japanese
o!Blacks Canadian
•!Sizeable growing 3rd generation as well
•!For other groups, such as South Asians and Chinese, they are
still foreign born
•!Why is it important that we pay important to these statuses
when we’re talking about the visible minority population in
Canada? Why does it matter?
o!It’s important for integration
o!The fact that some of these populations have a lot of foreign bon that make up their
population, this will mean that perhaps they are not that well integrated
o!Japanese Canadians vs. Chinese Canadians
"!Chinese are earning less than Japanese for instead, this might have to do with
the Chinese take more time for the 1st generation to adapt and integrate in the
Canadian society and it’s only at the 2nd and 3rd generation that we see
mobility
! Linguistic divert that exist in the Canadian population
•!It tells us that Canadian population is becoming a more bilingual society is the wake of these
growing waves of immigration
•!Other surprisingly thing: when looking at the total
population, for everybody in Canada, about 63% of the
population speaks only one language
o!About 37% speak more than one language
o!This is what is happening in the immigrant
populating
o!Part of the concern of the point system itself is
to select these migrants who are going to be
efficient in the host country – it is believed that
efficiency in the host country will increase
integration
o!61% of immigrants actually speak at least 1
official language in addition to another language that’s neither French nor English
o!compare that (^) to the Canadian born population, it’s only 7% of Canadian born
population who are multilingual
•!If we look at the non official language only:
o!Immigrants who neither speak English nor French are only about 6% of immigrants
Document Summary
Elements of canadian multiculturalism: demographic reality o diversity: racial, ethnic and cultural (linguistic, religious) Ideology o beliefs re: relation between diversity and nation state building: policy and practices o implementation of multiculturalism ideology into programs and policies o promotion of political and minority interests. Black canadians o the groups who constitute the largest visible minority will vary a lot depending where you are in canada. In toronto, the 3 largest visible minority groups reflect the ones of canada. But in montreal, they are black, arabs, and latin american. Chinese are earning less than japanese for instead, this might have to do with the chinese take more time for the 1st generation to adapt and integrate in the. Canadian society and it"s only at the 2nd and 3rd generation that we see mobility. Linguistic divert that exist in the canadian population.
