SOCI 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: European Canadian, Visible Minority, Cegep

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Lecture 21: Indigenous Inequalities
March 27th, 2018
! Bonus activity
!In what ways do deficit-based narratives affect indigenous youth’s identities and indigenous-
settler relations?
o!Detract from our role models in the community because it takes away power from
community and individual
o!The negative narratives could lead to self-fulfilling prophecies
o!It could be recreating inequalities
o!It obscures the acts of persistence and self-determination
o!Could have repercussions on the youth because of our public schools education – they
do not talk about these inequalities
o!Children growing up in communities do not get the full picture until they go on to
university and at that point they already pathologized these stereotypes
o!They need to have curriculum around understanding more largely indigenous issues
o!It victimizes indigenous peoples
o!What is the role of non settler populations in terms of reconciling these inequalities
between indigenous and non-indigenous communities?
!Is there a way to address inequalities experienced by indigenous communities without
resorting to deficit-based narratives?
o!Present inequalities at the same time as initiatives taken by the community
o!Bring in force the resilience narrative and the resilience framework
o!Indigenous people should take on the narrative themselves
o!Research groups
o!Social movements
o!We have to change the narrative of education and research being made on this
Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Inequalities – Contact and changing relations
! How to minimize prejudice against indigenous peoples?
!Contact theory: stereotypes and prejudice can be lessened over time through contact between
in/out group members
o!Stereotypes and prejudices can be lessening over time through contact between in
group and out group members
o!They can actually reinforce them
o!The iteration stipulated that not all kinds of contact will product the effects of
minimizing stereotypes and prejudice
o!Contact under the wrong conditions could fuel more stereotypes
!Conditions of contact:
o!Status equality
o!Common goals
"!If not, could lead to different outcomes
o!Cooperation
o!Support from authorities, laws, or customs
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!Potential of contact to change intergroup relations greatest when political climate allows for
shift in relative power of dynamics between 2 groups
o!Dominant and subordinate group
! Can contact change white Canadians’ prejudices & stereotypes about Aboriginal peoples?
!Denis (2015):
o!Interviews with 160 First Nations, Métis, and white residents of a small settler town
in northwestern Ontario
o!Widespread intermarriage and friendship between Aboriginal and white residents
o!But contact doesn’t diminish prejudice and discrimination
o!White’s superior sense of group position remains intact
!In this town, the conditions are right for an inter group contact to produce positive outcomes
!This has to do with high rates of inter-rate marriages, inter group friendships, and change in
the economy (creating new possibilities for the 2 groups to come together)
!Conclusion:
!Despite the overall environment being conducive to more positive intergroup relations, Denis
doesn’t observe this
Socioeconomic inequalities
! LICOs (low income cut offs)
!This graph gives us a sense of how poverty or low income cut off is
capitated in the Canadian context
!In Canada, we use the LICO
!Low income cut off – trying to pick the household income threshold
whereby a family will spend about 20% more of its income entirely to
food shelter and clothing relative to the average person (average
household)
!The average household spends about 43% of its after tax income to food shelter and clothing
!Adjustments are made for family size and regions
! Child poverty rate in Canada since 2005
!Trend in child poverty between 2005 and 2010
!Pay attention to all indigenous and non indigenous
!In 2010, indigenous children had a poverty rate of
38%, and non indigenous was at 17%
! International child poverty rates
!If we compare Canada’s overall child poverty rate which is 18%
(last slide) and we compare it to other countries, Canada ranks 27
out of 34
!It’s poor in terms of child poverty than some of the new states such
as Estonia and the Czech Republic
!It’s comparable to Italy and Greece
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Document Summary

Indigenous and non-indigenous inequalities contact and changing relations. Licos (low income cut offs: this graph gives us a sense of how poverty or low income cut off is capitated in the canadian context. Child poverty rate in canada since 2005: trend in child poverty between 2005 and 2010, pay attention to all indigenous and non indigenous. In 2010, indigenous children had a poverty rate of. If we compare canada"s overall child poverty rate which is 18% (last slide) and we compare it to other countries, canada ranks 27 out of 34. It"s poor in terms of child poverty than some of the new states such as estonia and the czech republic. Child poverty rates by reserves, province, and identity: child poverty rates for on reserve across different provinces, the prairie provinces are doing badly in terms of child poverty = take home message.

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