ANTHROP 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Reforestation, Lyme Disease
27 Jun 2018
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Department
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Professor
Impact of Agriculture
• Change in the way humans interact with their environment
• Major changes in diet
• Changes in demography, economy. How many people we have, how old are
thye getting, how densely populating region, how long they are staying in one
place, political economy – hierarchy, organizing larger groups
• Sedentary communities
• Increased population density
• Urbanization – areas become centralized areas for trade, for sales, etc.
Consequences of Agriculture
• New opportunities for zoonoses –infectious diseases acquired from animals
• Sedentism - garbage and human waste accumulate
• High population densities favor “herd diseases” (passed person à person)
(e.g. measles, smallpox, etc...)
• Infectious disease & malnutrition synergy
New Opportunities for zoonoses
• Wine, duck à influenza
• Cattle à Bovine tuberculosis
• Goats à Mediterranean fever
• Sheep à Scrapie
• Rats à Louse – and flea-bome diseases (e.g. bubonic plague)
2nd Epidemiologic Transition - Industrialization ~200-300 ya
• Chronic and degenerative diseases increase
• Chronic – non infective disease
• Increased longevity
• Cancer, Hardening from arteries
• Shift away from acute
• Increased living age, more diseases affecting people approaching older age
• Biomedical technology and science – (e.g., vaccinations, antibiotics,
treatments, germ theory of disease)
• Industrialization of food supply – seeing less malnutrition, more access to
food, increase in population as more access to resrouces
• Continued population growth and urbanization – people living in cities
o 1970 – 25%, 1966 – 46% and 2025 – 65% (estimate)
3rd Epidemiologic Transition (25-30 years)•
• Environmental degradation (way we are changing environment) and
ecological change brings humans into contact with pathogens
• Infectious diseases re-emerge
• Antibiotic resistance pathogens and microbial adaptations – “re-emerging” or
“new” diseases
o Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, SARS, etc.
• Interaction of social & environmental changes in a global ecology, travelling,
bringing out products, mining.
Diseases of Development
• Dams à schistosomiasis
Document Summary
Impact of agriculture: change in the way humans interact with their environment, major changes in diet, changes in demography, economy. How many people we have, how old are thye getting, how densely populating region, how long they are staying in one place, political economy hierarchy, organizing larger groups. Increased population density: sedentary communities, urbanization areas become centralized areas for trade, for sales, etc. Consequences of agriculture: new opportunities for zoonoses infectious diseases acquired from animals, sedentism - garbage and human waste accumulate, high population densities favor herd diseases (passed person person) (e. g. measles, smallpox, etc) New opportunities for zoonoses: wine, duck influenza, cattle bovine tuberculosis, goats mediterranean fever, sheep scrapie, rats louse and flea-bome diseases (e. g. bubonic plague) 2nd epidemiologic transition - industrialization ~200-300 ya: chronic and degenerative diseases increase, chronic non infective disease, cancer, hardening from arteries, shift away from acute, biomedical technology and science (e. g. , vaccinations, antibiotics,
