ASTRON 1F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Exoplanet, Earth Mass, Planetesimal

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Many have hot jupiter"s: jupiter-sized planets close to the star. Planets are big and often on short orbits! However, we can"t easily detect the small planets yet. It takes 100 million years + to make outer planets with planetesimals but disks like those in orion are fone in a fraction of that time. Jupiter might have no 10 earth mass core. How gas will collapse but the outer solar nebula was quite cold, less than 50 k (-223. Is there a way to make large planets fairly fast/ A heavy and cold gas disk can fragment because gravity can overwhelm gas pressure. This is tricky to prove mathematically best to use computer simulations. My research includes supercomputer models of giant planet formation from gravitational instabilities. Gravitational instability in gas can form large giant planets with elliptical orbits. Gas giants can form directly, but only in the outer solar nebula. Core accretion and gravitational instability are simplified extremes:

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