BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cell Nucleus, Homeostasis, Antibody
First&Tier&Elements
CHON
-
Also&most&abundant&in&the&universe&
-
H&and&O&are&most&abundant&because&of&water&(its&so&important)&
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These&elements&form&COVALENT&BONDS&
Carbon&bonds&are&stable,&form&4&bonds&
○
-
Second&Tier&Elements
PS&
-
Na,&Mg,&K,&Ca,&Cl
-
Third&Tier& Elements&
Mn,&Fe,&Co,&Cu,&Zn
-
Fourth&Tier
Others
-
In&the&Primordial&Universe
Hydrogen&and&Helium&burned&in&thermonuclear&reactions&to&produce&heavier&
elements
Carbon,&nitrogen&and&oxygen
○
-
Are&Viruses&Living?
No,&based&on&the&7&pillars&of&life&
Inert&examples&of&nucleic&acids&and&proteins&
○
-
Can&only&replicate&by&invading&a&cell&and&taking&over&its&metabolic&machinery&
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Virus-infected&cells&can&display&all&7&pillars&of&life,&but&viruses&on&their&own&
cannot&
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Homeostasis
Not&to&be&confused&with&eq'm&
-
Remember:
Lipids&are¬&considered&polymers&–they&don’t&really&join&together&after&all
-Note&that&the&reason&cells&use&monomers&to&make&polymers&is&because&it&is&more&
efficient
because&no&intermediates&are&produced&–only&water&is&a&byproduct&and&there&is&
already&bare
water&in&the&cell
-Polymers&that&are&made&from&identical&monomeric&units&=&homopolymers
-Polymers&that&are&made&from&diff&nucleic&acids&and&proteins&=&heteropolymers
-Nucleic&acids&are&polymers&made&with&nucleotides&and&are&also&called&
polynucleotides
-Functions&of&proteins:
-Structural&roles&–ex&keratin
-Transport&–haemoglobin
-Transmit&info&–cell& surface&receptors
-Defense&against&disease&–antibodies
-Catalyze&reactions
-Triacylglycerols&are&made&from&a&condensation&reaction&between&the&hydroxyl&
groups&of&3&lipid
molecules&and&3&fatty&acids
-Triacylglycerols&store&bare&energy&in&their&bonds&and&are&the&main&energy&storage
medium&for&the&body&in&the&form&of&fat
M1:$Readings$
Friday,&March&30,&2018
8:18&PM
Document Summary
H and o are most abundant because of water (its so important) Hydrogen and helium burned in thermonuclear reactions to produce heavier elements. No, based on the 7 pillars of life. Can only replicate by invading a cell and taking over its metabolic machinery. Virus-infected cells can display all 7 pillars of life, but viruses on their own cannot. Lipids are not considered polymers they don"t really join together after all. Note that the reason cells use monomers to make polymers is because it is more efficient because no intermediates are produced only water is a byproduct and there is already bare water in the cell. Polymers that are made from identical monomeric units = homopolymers. Polymers that are made from diff nucleic acids and proteins = heteropolymers. Nucleic acids are polymers made with nucleotides and are also called polynucleotides. Triacylglycerols are made from a condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups of 3 lipid molecules and 3 fatty acids.