BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Glycogen Phosphorylase, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Glycogen Synthase

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Glucose is broken down through glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase and the citric aid cycle: regulated process; performed only when the body needs it. Pentose phosphate pathway: alternate pathway to break down glucose to make nadph for reductive biosynthetic processes, like fat synthesis and providing ribose-5-phosphate for the biosynthesis of nucleotides. Branched structure with one reducing end and several non-reducing ends. Residues are removed from the non-reducing ends during glycogen degradation => energy for the body. Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the phosphorolysis of glycogen by adding pi: results: glucose residue released, forming glucose-1-phosphate. Phosphoglucomutase: converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6- phosphate, which then enters glycolysis. Glycogen synthase: catalyzes the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-1- phosphate: uses utp as an energy sources. Want to prevent futile cycling: formation and breakdown of glycogen at the same time (waste of energy: want to sync it with the supply of energy and the body"s demand for it.

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