BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Imidazole, Hydrophile, Lysine

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emeraldturtle273

17 Sep 2016

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Protein function is determined by protein structure, which is determined, in turn, by the structures and properties of the various amino acids that make up the protein. As said, many diseases are a consequence of amino acid mutations that render a protein unstable, or non-functional. All proteins are polymers and the monomers that combine to make them are alpha-acids. Different amino acids are distinguished by their side chains. Most biochemistry occurs in the physiological ph range of about 7: the pka"s of the carboxylic acid and amino groups of the alpha-amino acids are about 2 and 10 (respectively) Near neutral ph the carboxylic acid group will be deprotonated (-coo-), and the amino group will be protonated (-nh3. This yields the zwitterion (hybrid contains both positive and negative charge) Proteins are polymers of alpha-amino acids there are 20 common alpha-amino acids that are the major building blocks of proteins. Asymmetry is critical in determining structure and function.

Related Questions

1. An occurrence of a gene made larger by trinucleotide repeats is:

Allelic expansion

Nucleotide expansion

Translocation mutation

Transformation

2. a chemical that can damage and/or change DNA is called a/an:

Allele

Endonuclease

Vector

Mutagen

3. An occurrence when a section of a chromosome relocates itself to an entirely different (non-homologous) chromosome is called a/an:

Inversion mutation

Translocation mutation

Transformation mutation

Duplication mutation

4. The tandem repeat in the sequence GGGAAGGGAAGGGAAGGGAAGGGAAG is:

GGA

GGGAA

GGAAG

GGAAGGG

A disease characterized by abnormally shaped hemoglobin is called:

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle Cell Anemia

Marfan Syndrome

Leukemia

5. A point mutation that causes a substitution of a stop codon with an amino acid and leads to the formation of a longer protein is a:

Nonsense mutation

Missense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

6. Addition or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence is known as a:

Nonsense mutation

Missense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

7. The least severe type of chromosomal mutation is:

Point

Frameshift

Inversion

Translocation

8. Chemicals inserting themselves into DNA can cause a:

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

Sense mutation

Frameshift mutation

9. A genetic condition caused by allelic expansion is:

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Fragile X syndrome

Alkaptonuria

Galactosemia

10. Which of the following is most likely the original DNA strand if the mutated DNA strand is ATAGUUGATGUA ?

ATAGAAGATGAA

ATAGCCGATGCA

ATAGGGGATGGA

ATAGTTGATGTA

11. An unbalanced chromosomal mutation would include a/an:

duplication (insertion)

inversion

translocation

denaturation

12. Many translocation mutations are found to be involved with:

cancers

sickle cell anemia

Huntington disease

cystic fibrosis

13. A common repeat throughout the human genome that is approximately 300 bases in length is called a/an:

EcoRI repeat

Hind repeat

Exo repeat

Alu repeat

14. A balanced chromosomal mutation includes:

imprintation

denaturation

inversion

deletion

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BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Imidazole, Hydrophile, Lysine

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