BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Cytosine, Valine, Proline

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plummoose532

16 Oct 2012

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Lectures posted to a2l the friday before that week"s classes. Cannot use it for anything worth 30% or more. Each of tests focus on material up until that test. Individual cells can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, communicate, carry out chemical reactions. Have hereditary information but is not bound by a nucleus. Cell or organism that lacks a membrane bound discrete nucleus and other subcellular compartments. Eukaryotes: these comprise all multicellular plants and animals. Fungi (multicellular molds an unicellular yeast) protozoans (unicellular) Have a nucleus with the hereditary material bound in a membrane. The nucleoid consists of a single circular dna molecular and it is not enclosed within its own membrane. Reproduce by a simplified cell division (fission) Prokaryotes may be unicellular or exist as colonies. Examples: eubacteria (lactococcus lactis) or a colony of archeabacteria (methanosarcina) Eukaryotes contain a membrane bound nucleus containing (most of) the genetic material of the cell:

Related Questions

Please choose the best answer in these mcqs:

1. Cells carry out different metabolic reactions, in differentcompartments (= different enclosed organelles of the cell). Whichof the following are the reasons for this?

A) Protect the metabolism from unwanted environmentalfactors

B) Enclosure enables maintaining high concentrations of thecomponents without letting them diffuse away

C) More concentrated substances can react more readily, withincreased efficiency

D) All of the above

E) Only a and b

2.Which of the following developed during the evolution ofeukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

A) DNA

B) the cell membrane

C) nuclear membranes to form nucleus

D) ribosomes

E) proteins

3. Which three cellular components are present in bothprokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria

B) nucleus, ribosomes, RNA

C) RNA, DNA, ribosomes

D) endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, RNA

E) mitochondria, DNA, RNA

4.Phylogeny is

A) the science of biological classification based onmorphological features of organisms

B) the science of biological classification based on theevolutionary relationships between organisms.

C) the science of biological classification based onreproductive strategies.

D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods.

E) none of the above

5.Which of the following is False regarding mutations?

A) They are small changes in an individualâs geneticmaterial

B) All mutations are bad and cause diseases

C) Mutations that increases the chances of an individualorganism increases the possibility that this mutation is passed onto next generations

D) Mutations that are deleterious (damaging to the organism)tend to end with the organismâs death

6.Which of the following is NOT true about evolution theory?

A) It proceeds through random changes, that affect the abilityof the organism to reproduce and survive under existingenvironmental circumstances

B) Variations in individual organisms is better for survival andadaptation to changes, than being homogenous

C) All the changes in an organism are new, they were notdependent on preexisting features

D) Organisms continue to evolve; evolution has not stopped

7.In thermodynamics, the reaction (or organism or the materialwe are studying) of interest is called:

a) State

b) Universe

c) Matter

d) Energy

whitewildebeest237

Place the following in order from most complex to least complex

A- Cell B- Hydrogen C- Water D- Protons

31. C

32. B

33. A

34. D

Match the cell type with the most appropriate description or phrase

A- Prokaryotic B- Eukaryotic C- Both

36. Is the cell type that builds multicellular organism in Fungal, Plant, and Animal Kingdom.

B- Eukaryotic

37. Bacteria is an example of this cell type.

A- Prokaryotic

38. Contain Cytoplasmâs and cell membranes

B- Eukaryotic

39. Contain Membrane- bound organelles

C- Both

True or False

40. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.

False

41. According to the Cell Theory, all living things are composed of cells.

True

42. According to the Cell Theory, all living things use DNA as the genetic information molecule.

True

1-Metabolic pathways developed by the cells enabled severalthings. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) Synthesize the compounds it requires from smaller moleculeprecursors

B) Utilize catalysts for its reactions to accelerate them

C) Produce or utilize energy needed for the cellularactivities

D) Make its own oxygen

2. Cells carry out different metabolic reactions, in differentcompartments (= different enclosed organelles of the cell). Whichof the following are the reasons for this?