BIOLOGY 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Lytic Cycle, Petri Dish, Rna Virus

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15 Dec 2013

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Structure and morphology: protein capsid: encloses genetic material. Capsomers in a virus belong to the same protein. If they have a nucleic acid and capsomers they are called naked viruses. Small number of proteins involved in capsomer structure. If they have a phospholipid envelope enveloped viruses. Membrane proteins involved in recognition of host cell. Depending on the subunits involved (twofold, five fold etc) Genomes: can be rna based or dna based, single stranded or double stranded. Dna/rna, and + or dna rna: mrna used to translate protein viruses classified into 7 categories. 3 belong to dna based viruses: utilize dna polymerase for replication, dna dependent rna polymerase for transcription (i). mrna and reverse transcriptase used by (vii) to obtain a double stranded dna. (ii) is the single stranded dna. Positive strand refers to a single stranded dna sequence identical to the rna strand except it doesn"t contain u.

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QUESTION 1: The rabies virus primarily affects the nervous system. The specificity that the rabies virus has for neuronal host cells is primarily dictated by __________________________.

A. the helical shape of its viral capsid

B. the type of nucleic acid used for its viral genome (single-stranded, antisense RNA)

C. the spikes that protrude from its viral envelope

D. the segmented nature of its viral genome

QUESTION 2: Which of the following genome types has been observed in viruses? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Single-stranded RNA

B. Single-stranded DNA

C. Double-stranded RNA

D. Protein-based

QUESTION 3: Choose the correct statement about viral evolution.

A. RNA and DNA viral genomes evolve at equal rates.

B. Cellular genomes mutate at a faster rate than viral genomes due to their large size and increased chance of replicative mistakes.

C. DNA viruses mutate faster than RNA viruses because thymine is more susceptible to mutation than uracil.

D. RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses due to a lack of proofreading replicative enzymes.

QUESTION 4: Your elderly patient is affected by shingles. After careful observation, you note that the virus responsible for the infection has an icosahedral capsid, is enveloped, and has double-stranded linear DNA as its genetic material. Based on this information, in which of the following viral families would you group this viral pathogen?

QUESTION 5: Which of the following is a key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles?

A. Lysogenic bacteriophages release via host cell lysis, whereas lytic bacteriophages bud off from the host cell membrane.

B. The lytic replication cycle ends with host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

C. Lytic replication requires an uncoating step, whereas in lysogenic replication, the bacteriophage's nucleic acid is directly injected into the host cell.

D. Whereas lytic replication enables the infection of several hosts, lysogenic replication only allows for infection of a single host cell.

QUESTION 6: Which of the following is an unsuitable culture method for an animal virus?

A. Direct inoculation of virus onto blood agar

B. Live animal inoculation

C. Tissue culture method

D. Injection of virus into embryonated eggs

BIOLOGY 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Lytic Cycle, Petri Dish, Rna Virus

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