BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Cytosol, Cell Membrane, Proinsulin

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Rosa Da Silva

Document Summary

20 to 25 thousand protein encoding genes but over 1 million proteins. Double nuclear membrane evolved from endoplasmic reticulum. Compartmentalization allows for a more intricate control in the regulation of cellular processes. Cells are able to detect changes in their environment in numerous ways. These changes often serve as stimuli that will result in important cellular responses. Absorption: some glucose is absorbed in the mouth, a large amount occurs in the microvilli cells of the mall intestine, microvilli cells are intimately associated with small blood vessels. Glucose is absorbed and transported to blood vessels. Just like other proteins insulin biosynthesis is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Glucose metabolism is an important physiological event which leads to an increase in insulin gene transcription and mrna translation. The translated polypeptide that is coded in the insulin gene is 110 amino acids in length, however, the functional proteins only 51 amino acids in length.