BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Allele Frequency, Aniridia, Geologic Time Scale
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21 Sep 2015
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Biology 1m03 - lecture 5 - evolution by natural selection. Evolution may be defined as changes in allele frequencies over time. There are exceptions, however, that depict evolution as much richer than merely changes in allele frequencies. Evolution by natural selection occurs when individuals with particular alleles (encoding particular traits) survive or reproduce more effectively than do their competitors in a population. An adaptation (at the microevolutionary scale) is a genetically based trait that increases a typical individual"s ability to survive and produce offspring in a particular environment. Evolution by natural selection is not progressive, and it does not change the characteristics of the individuals that are selected. It changes only the characteristics of a population. Animals do not always do things for the good of their species. Scientific theories are often made of observations about a natural pattern and a proposed process that explains that pattern. In the theory of evolution by natural selection, charles darwin and alfred.
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Related Questions
Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?
Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully. |
Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment. |
Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations. |
Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms. |
An organism's fitness depends on its _____.
ability to survive and reproduce |
ability to swap genetic material with other organisms |
physical size |
ability to mutate |
population |
Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?
The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources. |
The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment. |
The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten. |
No answer text provided. |
Which of the following are adaptations?
Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant. |
Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation. |
More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators. |
None of the above. |
All of the above. |