BIOLOGY 2A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Axon Hillock, Multipolar Neuron, Unipolar Neuron
13 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
Communication via nervous system involves rapid transmission of electrical signals in nerve cells (neurons) and chemical signaling across synapses. Important for controlling and coordinating many physiological processes. All animals but sponges have nervous systems jell(cid:455)fish e(cid:454)hi(cid:271)it so(cid:373)e degree of (cid:858)cephalization(cid:859) (lo(cid:272)ati(cid:374)g se(cid:374)se orga(cid:374)s a(cid:374)d i(cid:374)tegrati(cid:374)g centers at the anterior end of the body. Ganglia - cluster of integrating centers; groupings of neuronal cell bodies interconnected by synapses. Structural integrity of ns, homeostatic regulation of ecf around axons and synapses(supply nutrients, remove waste), electrical insulation (myelin), local intracellular communication. Afferent neurons - transmit sensory information from the internal or external environment to the cns. Interneurons - majority of our body"s neurons; perform integrating functions of cns - process sensory info from afferent neurons and sending commands to efferent neurons. Efferent neurons - transmit info from cns to skeletal muscle (motor division) or to various other organs/tissues in body (autonomic division)
