BIOLOGY 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Human Microbiota, Phosphofructokinase, Genitourinary System
23 Jun 2018
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Met a b o l i s m
Catab oli s m
Breakdow n of larger molecule s into smaller precurs ors, produc e s energy which drives ADP A
Ana b o li s m
Uses small precursors and energy from catab olis m to build macro mol ecular cell com p o n e n t s
Carbo n cat a b o li s m
1. Trans p or t across cytoplas mic me m br a n e
2. Metabolism to pyruvat e
oProduc es : NADPH, H+ and ATP biosynt h e sis of cell comp on e n t s
3. 3a. Oxidization of Pyruva t e CO2
oKrebs cycle
oProduc es NADPH + H+
4. 3b. Ferme n t a tion of Pyruvat e reduce d end products
4. Aerobic: (oxyge n is final electron accep t or
oOxidization of NADPH & H+ via ETC – gen er at e s ATP, ½ O2 H2O
5. Anaerob es or Facultativ e anae ro b e s: (nitrat e or ter min al electron acc e pt ors (not oxyg en))
oOxidization of NADPH & H+ via ETC – gen er at e s ATP
5. ATP Sy n t h e s i s – 3 w ay s
Subs tr a t e level phosp h oryla tion
oInterm e di a t e (during catab olis m) transf e r s a phos p h a t e grou p to ADP ATP
oOccurs during glycolysis and TCA
Oxidativ e phosph o rylation
Photop h os p h o ryl atio n
6. Glyc ol y t ic Path w a y s
7. Pat h w a y 8. EMP 9. ED 10. Pen t o s e pho s p h a t e
11. General
Idea
Glycolysis
6C 3C
Metabolizes sug ar via a 6C
interm e di a t e – KDPG
Produc es precursors for
other pathw a ys
12. End Product 2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruv a t e
ATP (less than EMP)
NADH
NADPH
2 ATP
2 NADPH
13. Found in All 3 domains Most anaer obic and aerobic
bacterial specie s
Most microorg a nis m s
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15. NAD + NADH
Cells only have a finite supply of NAD+ so as NAD+ NADH, it ne e ds to be recycled, as its need e d for
glycolysis to continu e
2 ways – respiration (O2 available) and ferme n t a tion (no O2)
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21. Ferm e n t a t i o n
Uses orga nic molec ul e s to get rid of the electro n s carried by NADH: NAD+
3 typ e s: Lactic and alcohol
1) Lactic Acid
oProduc es : lactic acid + CO2
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