EARTHSC 2GG3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Rock Cycle, Water Cycle, Subduction

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Hazards as potential catastrophes: natural hazards differ in their potential to cause a catastrophe based on the size of the area affected, more likely to be catastrophic: tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods. Less likely to be catastrophic: landslides, avalanches, wildfires, tornadoes. Magnitude and frequency: the impact of a hazard is a function of both its magnitude (i. e. energy released) and frequency. It can also be affected by other factors (geology, land use, population density, etc. ) Noise in the study: * magnitude-frequency concept * = there is an inverse relationship b/w magnitude and frequency. The rock cycle: a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, the rock cycle refers to a group of interrelated processes that produce the three different rock types: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic. Igneous indicative of volcanic eruptions: ontario mainly sedimentary, metamorphic changes due to heat & pressure. In a given location, the types of rock give clues to geological events of the past.

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