EARTHSC 2GG3 Lecture Notes - Natural Disaster, Lithification, Rock Cycle

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Natural processes & energy: processes, physical, chemical and biological ways in which events affect earth"s surface. Disaster trends: recently there has been an apparent increase in natural disasters, japan tsunami, haiti earthquake, hurricane katrina. The united nations designated the 1990s as the international decade for natural. Those hazards that have a great impact on human life may not cause the most property damage: hazards vary greatly in their ability to cause catastrophe. Impact: function of magnitude and frequency, also influences by other factors (e. g. climate, geology, vegetation, land-use, population, magnitude-frequency concept, inverse relationship between magnitude and frequency, m = fe-x. The history of an area gives clues to its potential hazards: maps, historical accounts, weather and climate data, rock types, faults, folds, soil composition. Geologic cycle: geologic conditions govern the type, location and intensity of natural processes, sub-cycles, tectonic cycle, rock cycle, hydrologic cycle, biogeochemical cycles.

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