ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Variable Cost, Fixed Cost, Marginal Product

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24 Jun 2013

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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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Total revenue is the amount a firm receives for the sale of its output. The total cost is the market value of the inputs a firm uses in production. Profit (capital pi) is the firm"s total revenue minus its total cost. Cost of production includes all the opportunity costs of making its output of goods and services. Input costs that require a direct outlay of money by the firm. Input costs that do not require an outlay of money, but refers to opportunity costs. Measure a firm"s economic profit as total revenue minus total cost, both implicit and explicit. Measure the accounting profit as the firm"s total revenue minus only the firm"s explicit costs. When total revenue > both implicit and explicit costs, the firm earns economic profit. Economic profit is smaller than accounting profit because it includes implicit costs. Shows the relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity output of that good.

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Accounting profit is equal to total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services while economic profit is the difference of total revenue minus the sum of both explicit and implicit costs. Therefore, the economic profit

1. is always at least as large as accounting profit if the implicit cost is greater than zero.

2. is always less than accounting profit if the implicit cost is greater than zero.

3. will always exceed accounting profit.

4. will always equal to accounting profit.

orchidrabbit535

5. Economic profit is equal to

a. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

b. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the accounting cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

6. Accounting profit is equal to

a. marginal revenue minus marginal cost.

b. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

7. Economic profit

a. will never exceed the accounting profit.

b. is most often equal to accounting profit

c. is always at least as large as accounting profit.

d. is a less complete measure of profitability than accounting profit

8. Which of the following expressions is correct?

a. accounting profit = total revenue - explicit costs

b. economic profit = total revenue - implicit costs

c. economic profit = total revenue - explicit costs

d. Both a and b are correct

Scenario 13-2:

Zach took $400,000 out of the bank and used it to start his new cookie business. The bank account pays 3% interest per year. During the first year of his business, Zach sold 6,000 boxes of cookies for $2.50. Also during the first year, the cookie business incurred costs that required outlays of money amounting to $9,000.

9. Zach's accounting profit for the year was

10. Zach's economic profit for the year was

Scenario 14-1:

As part of an estate settlement, Mary received $1 million. She decided to use the money to purchase a small business in Anywhere, USA. If Mary would have invested the $1 million in a risk-free bond fund she could have made $100,000 each year. She also quit her job with Lucky.Com Inc. to devote all of her time to her new business; her salary at Lucky.Com Inc. was $75,000 per

11. At the end of the first year of operating her new business, Mary's accountant reported an accounting profit of $150,000. What was Mary's economic profit?

26. To the economist total cost includes

A. explicit and implicit costs.

B neither implicit nor explicit costs.

C. implicit, but not explicit, costs.

D. explicit, but not implicit, costs.

27. Accounting profits are typically

A. greater than economic profits because the former do not take explicit costs into account

B. equal to economic profits because accounting costs include all opportunity costs.

C. smaller than economic profits because the former do not take implicit costs into account.

D. greater than economic profits because the former do not take implicit costs into account.

28. Suppose that a business incurred implicit costs of $200,000 and explicit costs of $1 million in a specific year. If the firm sold 4,000 units of its output at $300 per unit, its accounting profits were

A. $100,000 and its economic profits were $0.

B. $200,000 and its economic profits were $0.

C. $100,000 and its economic profits were $100,000.

D. $0 and its economic loss was $200,000.

29. The basic difference between the short run and the long run is that

A. all costs are fixed in the short run, but all costs are variable in the long run.

B. the law of diminishing returns applies in the long run but not in the short run.

C. at least one resource is fixed in the short run, while all resources are variable in the long run.

D. economies of scale may be present in the short run but not in the long run.

30. The law of diminishing returns indicates that

A. as extra units of a variable resource are added to a fixed resource, marginal product will decline beyond some point.

B. because of economies and diseconomies of scale, a competitive firm's long-run average total cost curve will be U-shaped.

C. the demand for goods produced by purely competitive industries is downsloping.

D. beyond some point, the extra utility derived from additional units of a product will yield the consumer smaller and smaller extra amounts of satisfaction.

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ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Variable Cost, Fixed Cost, Marginal Product

ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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