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ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Lorenz Curve, Game Theory

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plumwasp894
29 Jan 2020
School
McMaster University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1B03
Professor
Hannah Holmes

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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes
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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Game theory the study of how people behave in strategic situations. Factors of production the inputs used to produce goods and services. Lorenz curve a curve showing the distribution of income in an economy. The cumulated percentage of families (income receivers) is measured along the horizontal axis and the cumulated percentage of income is measured along the vertical axis. Capital the equipment and structures used to produce goods and services. Monopoly a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes.

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Related Questions

1. Managerial economics can best be defined as the:

Select one:

a. macroeconomics and microeconomics for managers.

b. analysis of the labor market through the behavior of workers and managers.

c. analysis of major management decisions using economic tools.

d. study of economic incentives on consumer behavior and demand.

e. study of the strategic interaction between firms in a market.

2. The price elasticity of demand is defined as the ratio of the _____ other factors held constant.

Select one:

a. change in the price of a good to the change in the total revenue

b. percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in the price of a competitor’s good

c. percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price

d. percentage change in the price of an input to the percentage change in the price of the good

e. percentage change in price of the good to the percentage change in the consumers’ income

3. According to the law of demand, if a firm reduces the price of its good:

Select one:

a. the quantity of goods produced and sold by the firm will decline.

b. competing firms will reduce prices.

c. some consumers will exit the market.

d. consumers in the market will demand more units of the good.

e. consumers will demand fewer units than before the price cut.

4. Other factors constant, a change in _____ will cause a shift in a firm's demand curve.

Select one:

a. the quantity of the good offered for sale

b. the price of the good or service

c. the wages paid to labor employed

d. the general income level of consumers

e. the technology used in the production of the good or service

Answer the following questions. True or False
1. Withdrawals include investment, government expenditures, and exports.
2. If the price in a market is increased below that at the midpoint along the demand curve, total revenue to the firm will decrease.
3. Decisions made by individuals as to what and how much of each other productive resources to supply and of what goods and services to buy is more characteristic of a market economy than a command economy such as the former Soviet Union's Communist economy.
4. The study of recessions and inflation is considered to be a topic in microeconomics rather than macroeconomics.
5. In a supply and demand graph for a market, the vertical axis or Y axis measures the price and the horizontal or x-axis measures the quantity demanded or supplied.
6. Withdrawals or leakages in the circular flow of economic activity include investment, government purchases of goods and services, and exports.
7. The law of demand results in nearly all demand curve graphically sloping downward into the right.
8. If a price of a good is $10 per unit and that causes the market for the good to have a surplus, scarcity does not exist in that market.
9. A point inside the production possibility curve / Frontier (closer to the origin) represents the efficient use of a country's productive resources.
10. So long as there is some opportunity costs associated with obtaining a good or service, no matter the price, scarcity is present.

What is the market for factors of production?

  1. What is the market for factors of production?

    1. The market for factors of production is where households and firms interact to trade factors of production for factor payments. For example this is where people provide firms with labor and firms pay them with wages. 

  2. What is the money market?

    1. The money market is where households, firms, and the government may save and/or invest their money to earn interests. Money market includes banks, stock market, bonds market, and other financial institutions where economic actors can buy and sell financial assets to earn interests and/or dividends.

  3. Who are the three economic actors in the circular flow model?

    1. In a circular flow model, the three main economic actors are the households, firms, and the government. Households include the typical individual consumers. Firms include businesses and similar producers in the economy. Finally, the government refers to the whole government system from federal to local level.

  4. How is the national income of an economy determined?

    1. The national income of an economy is determined by measuring the total value of the output produced in an economy or the total income earned by the actors in the economy. In a circular flow model, we can see that the value of total output produced should equal the total value of income generated and earned in the economy. This is because every dollar spent by someone in the economy is received by another person in the economy as income.

  5. What is GDP?

    1. The gross domestic product or GDP represents the sum total of the value of the final goods and services produced within the economy for a given year. It is the most commonly used measure of its economy’s productivity and income.