HTHSCI 1DT3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Tumor Suppressor Gene, Carmustine, Chek2
23 Jun 2018
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Hallmark 6:
Tissue invasion and metastasis
Emerging Hallmarks and Enabling Characteristics
Douglas Hanahan , Robert A. Weinberg Cell Volume 144, Issue 5 2011 646 - 674
Emerging Hallmarks and Enabling Characteristics
Douglas Hanahan , Robert A. Weinberg Cell Volume 144, Issue 5 2011 646 - 674
The Cells of the Tumour Microenvironment
The distinctive microenvironments of tumours.
Therapeutic Targeting of the Hallmarks of Cancer
Douglas Hanahan , Robert A. Weinberg Cell Volume 144, Issue 5 2011 646 - 674
Therapeutic Targeting of the Hallmarks of Cancer
Douglas Hanahan , Robert A. Weinberg Cell Volume 144, Issue 5 2011 646 - 674
Therapeutic Targeting of the Hallmarks of Cancer
Central Nervous System Tumours
CNS Tumour Classification:
Malignant (infiltrating)
Benign (non-infiltrating) – capsulated
Prognosis related to many factors: age, location, histology
Adults: 50% malignant (of which 50% are primary, others are metastasis)
Paediatric: (<20y) - >75% are malignant
Distribution of Primary CNS
Distribution of Primary CNS
Gliomas
Most common type of primary brain tumours
Represent a group of low and high grade tumors that originate from the glia
Brain tissue traditionally viewed as providing support to neural cells.
True partner to neurons involved in complex processes
Signal transduction
Neurotransmission
Neurons excluded from oncogenesis:
Cellular programme involved in neuronal differentiation protects against oncogenic
transformation
Glioma Classification:
Astrocytoma:
Astrocytic cells (adults and children)
Slow (low grade), fast (high grade)
Focal/Diffuse
In Adults, can be:
Anaplastic (grade 3), or Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM, grade 4)
Ependymomas:
Ependymal cells (children and young adults)
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Document Summary
Cell volume 144, issue 5 2011 646 - 674. Prognosis related to many factors: age, location, histology. Adults: 50% malignant (of which 50% are primary, others are metastasis) Represent a group of low and high grade tumors that originate from the glia. Brain tissue traditionally viewed as providing support to neural cells. o. True partner to neurons involved in complex processes o o. Cellular programme involved in neuronal differentiation protects against oncogenic transformation. Anaplastic (grade 3), or glioblastoma multiforme (gbm, grade 4) Ependymal cells (children and young adults) o o. The cell(s) of origin for the formation of gliomas is currently unknown. Neural stem cells or neural progenitors undergo transformation events when they are in a transit-amplying phase during development. Other evidence points to the mutation-induced dedifferentiation of mature brain cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Sequential events that cause glioma diversity and that are relevant to clinical tumour characteristics. Molecular diagnostics of gliomas: state of the art.
