LINGUIST 1ZZ3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Genitive Case, Perfective Aspect, English Auxiliaries And Contractions
28 Jan 2018
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*recall: lexical words are those that have independent meaning. Semantical notions expressed by grammatical morphemes: number (cat --> cats, tense (write --> wrote --> written) Synthetic: grammatical functions & relationships between constituents are expressed by affixes and inflections. Inflections: modification of words to express different grammatical categories such as tense, voice, case, aspect, etc. Analytic: grammatical functions & relationships between constituents are expressed by separate lexemes (minimal meaningful unit of language) Multiple words could be used to express meaning. Most languages are a mix of synthetic and analytic. Synthetic: the girl"s father (possessive in suffix) Periphrasis form: meaning expressed with more than one word instead of using inflectional affixes. Periphrastic form: using auxiliary word instead of inflectional form. Time is a real world category, but tense is a grammatical category (not the same, but they overlap) I caught a squirrel - happened in the past.
