LIFESCI 2N03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Hyperglycemia, Lac Operon

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Disaccharides: pairs of monosaccharides that undergo condensaion reacion such as: maltose (glucose + glucose): produced during starch digesion, sucrose (glucose + fructose): table sugar, lactose (glucose + galactose): main sugar in milk. Amylopecin: branched; amylose: unbranched: fibre: sugars joined by bonds that can"t be digested by humans. Soluble ibre: found in corn, oats, barley, legume, citrus fruits dissolves in water, associated with protecion against heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol, and diabetes by lowering blood sugar; form gels and are easily fermentable by gi bacteria. Insoluble ibre: found in whole grains (bran), vegetables, legumes, just-ripe bananas, and cooked potatoes, pasta, and rice if chilled promotes bowel movements, prevents divericular disease, doesn"t form gels, not easily fermentable (resistant starch has similar properies) Dietary ibre: associated with phyic acid (aka phytate) bind ingested minerals which are then excreted as an insoluble complex (prevents absorpion of some micronutrients) problem only arises if ibre taken in excess.

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