LINGUIST 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Close Vowel, Complementary Distribution, Phoneme
28 Jun 2017
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[d] is the underlying form because [t] appears after voiceless consonants and. So, that leaves us with [d] which seems to appear everywhere else but not in the environments indicated above. [d] the most widely used allophone and therefore underlying form: allophones of one phoneme. [t] and [t ] are allophones because they have complementary distribution. [t] does not appear in an environment that [t ] does and vis versa. [t ] appears in the beginning of a word before high vowels ([i], [ ], and [u]) example: [t in] [t n] [t uk]. [[t] appears elsewhere: therefore there are no minimal pairs. This is similar to english where we see [p] phonemically but phonetically we recognize the allophone [p ] when aspirated. [ ] and [ ] are two separate phonemes because they are minimal pairs which results in contrastive words example.
