PHILOS 1E03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cosmological Argument, Teleological Argument, First-Order Logic
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* logic has been a part of philosophy for some 2,400 years * Aristotle: contributed the theory of syllogism eg. all a are b; no c are a. Therefore no c are b. eg. all birds can fly. This is true but not valid, the variable could be switched out to bats that would make the ending statement or premise a lie. Predicate logic- (cid:498)is a cat(cid:499) or (cid:498)can fly(cid:499) Invented by zeno of citium (cid:498) what is rational is better than what is not rational. What exists is better than what does not exist. Therefore god exists. famous argument for the existence of god: This line of reasoning was perhaps what inspired st. anselm to compose his (cid:498) what actually exists is greater than what is merely thought to exist. Therefore god exists(cid:499). is greater than a being- than- which- a- gr4eater- cannot- be- thought (=
