PHILOS 2TT3 Lecture Notes - Supererogation, Egotism

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2 Oct 2012

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Moral categories: common sense morality places something in each of the categories. It"s a moderate view, rather than an extreme. Extremist view: shelley kagan, the limits of morality, perform act with the best consequences (required, may accept some constraints (forbidden) Demanding; views of supererogatory actions may be required. Alienating; asked to deny what is important individually. Violates autonomy; ability to choose actions, no egoism at all. Permits too much (lack of requirements in the positive can be disturbing) Common sense morality: limits demands of morality and sacrifice, permitted to favour my interests; unlimited partiality, allows us to sometimes favour our own interests that are not necessarily optimal. Recognizes special obligations (to persons): morally forbidden to perform certain acts even if they maximize good; flexible thresholds of constraints, doing harm is worse than allowing it (killing is worse than letting someone die) Intending harm is worse than foreseeing it as a side effect.

Related Questions

Please solve all questions as early as possible.

(1). Light waves are electromagnetic waves that traval at 3. 00 x 10^8 m/s. The aye Is most sensitive to light having a wavelength of 5. 50 x 10^-7m. {a} Find the frequency of this light wave Hz =

Find the frequency of this light wave (HZ)
and its period(S).

2.The distance between two successive minima of a transverse wave is 3.00 m. Five full crest Intervals of the wave pass given point along the direction of travel every

14.2 s.

(a) Find the frequency of the wave Hz

(b} Find the wave speed m/s
3.
A harmonic wave bs traveling slong a repe It is observed that the oscillator that generates the wave completes 36.0 vibrations In 35.0 s Also, a given maximum travels 430 cm along the rope in 9.0 s What Is the wavelength in cm ?
4.
A bat can detect small objects, such as an insect, whose size is approximately equal to one wavelength of the sound the bat makes. If bats emit a chirp at a Frequency of

8.54 x 10^4 Hz, and if the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the smallest Insect a bat can detect in mm ?
5. A cork on the surface of 5 pond bobs up and down two times per second an Hippies having a wavelength of 9.50 cm .If the cork is 11.5 m fram shore, how long does it take a tipple passing the cork to reach the shore ?
( )S.

6. Ocean waves are traveling te the east at 4. 7 m/s with a distance of 19 m between crests. (a) With what frequency do the waves hit the front of a boat when the boat Is at anchor?
( ) HZ

(b) With what frequency do the waves hit the front of a boat when the boat Is moving westward at 1.5 m/s?
( ) HZ

7. A circus performer stretches s tightrope between two towers. He strikes ane end of the rope and sends a wave atong it toward the other tower He notes that It takes the

wave 0. 840 s to reach the opposite tower, 20.0 m away If s 1.00-m length of the rope has a mass of 0.260 kg, find the tension In the tightrope .
( ) N ?.

8. Transverse waves with a speed of 52. 0 m/s are to be produced on a stretched string A 5 .20-m length of string with a total mass of 0.0600 kg Is used.

{a) What is the required tension in the string?
( )N
(b} Calculate the wave speed in the string if the tension Is 8. 00 N.
( )m/s . ?

9.A wave of amplitude 0 .53 m interferes with a second wave of amplitude 0 .19 m traveling in the same direction.

(a) What Is the largest resultant amplitude that can occur, and under what conditions will this maximum arise?

( ) m

1.The two waves interfere destructively,

2.The two waves interfere constructively.

(b) What is the smallest resultant amplitude that cah occur, and under what conditions will this minimum arise?
( ) m

1.The two waves interfere destructively

2.The two waves interfere constructively

10. A certain tuning fork vibrates at a frequency of 161 Hz while each tip of Its two prongs has an amplitude of 0. 724 mm .

(a) What ts the per od of this motion?
( )ms .

(b) Find the wavelength of the sound produced by the vibrating fork taking the speed of sound in alr to be 343 m/s.
( ) m .

manya12

A nuclear reaction is represented by an equation similar to theequation for a chemical reaction. An example of a nuclear reactionis the decay of radium into radon by the emission of an alphaparticle (a helium nucleus). The equation for this reactionis

^{226}_{\ 88}{\rm Ra}\; \rightarrow \, ^{222}_{\ 86}{\rmRn}+\;^4_2{\rm He}.

The superscript preceding each element indicates the nucleon numberof that particular nucleus (total number of protons and neutrons).The subscript indicates the charge of the nucleus, which is equalto the atomic number for nuclei. Nuclear reactions frequentlyinvolve electrons (sometimes called beta rays) and photons(sometimes called gamma rays). Electrons, which have nucleon number0 and charge -1, are represented in equations as either ^{\ \;0}_{-1}\beta or ^{\ \; 0}_{-1}{\rm e}. Photons are represented as^{0}_{0}\gamma to emphasize that they have no nucleon number andcarry no charge.

In nuclear reactions, several conservation laws are usuallysufficient to determine the products or reactants. One of these isconservation of nucleon number. The total number of neutrons andprotons in all of the reactants must be the same as the totalnumber of protons and neutrons in the products. Although protonsand neutrons sometimes change into one another, neither can simplydisappear. Another important conservation law is conservation ofcharge. The net charge of the reactants must be the same as that ofthe products.

Notice that, in our equation for the decay of radium, the sum ofthe nucleon numbers on each side is 226 and the sum of the chargeson each side is 88. If you knew everything in this equation exceptthe isotope of radon produced, you could simply subtract 4 from 226to find the nucleon number required to make the nucleon number ofthe products equal the nucleon number of the reactants. Similarly,if you knew everything in this equation except for the identity ofthe product element, you could simply subtract 2 from 88 and thenlook in a periodic table to find that the element with atomicnumber 86 is radon.

In parts A and B consider the decay of radon by alpha particleemission:

^{222}_{\ 86}{\rm Rn}\;\rightarrow\;X +\,^{4}_{2}{\rm He}.

a. What is the nucleon number of the element X?
Express your answer as an integer.

b. What is the atomic number (nuclear charge) of the elementX?
Express your answer as an integer.

n parts C and D consider the decay of Potassium-43 into calcium-43via the following reaction:

^{43}_{19}{\rm K} \rightarrow ^{43}_{20}{\rm Ca}+\,X.

c. What is the charge of the emitted particle X?
d. is not visible yet

E. An isotope of potassium with a half-life of roughly one billionyears is often used in radioactive dating. This isotope decaysthrough electron capture, the process of drawing an electron intothe nucleus. What is the chemical symbol for the element thatresults from this process? The equation for the reaction is

^{40}_{19}{\rm K}+\,^{\ \;0}_{-1}{\rm e}\rightarrow \,?.
Express your answer as a chemical symbol (e.g., Na forsodium).

f. The reaction energy of a reaction is the amount of energyreleased by the reaction. It is found by determining the differencein mass between the reactants and products and then using E=mc^2 toconvert the lost mass into the released energy.

Look again at the equation for the decay of radium (Ra), given inthe introduction. Use the following table of masses to determinethe reaction energy of this reaction.
Nucleus or particle Mass in atomic mass units
radium-226 226.025402
radon-222 222.017571
alpha particle 4.002602
Express your answer in joules to three significant figures.

please answer fully... thank you

Please solve this as early as possible.

(1). Light waves are electromagnetic waves that traval at 3. 00 x 10^8 m/s. The aye Is most sensitive to light having a wavelength of 5. 50 x 10^-7m. {a} Find the frequency of this light wave Hz =

Find the frequency of this light wave (HZ)
and its period(S).

2.The distance between two successive minima of a transverse wave is 3.00 m. Five full crest Intervals of the wave pass given point along the direction of travel every

14.2 s.

(a) Find the frequency of the wave Hz

(b} Find the wave speed m/s
3.
A harmonic wave bs traveling slong a repe It is observed that the oscillator that generates the wave completes 36.0 vibrations In 35.0 s Also, a given maximum travels 430 cm along the rope in 9.0 s What Is the wavelength in cm ?
4.
A bat can detect small objects, such as an insect, whose size is approximately equal to one wavelength of the sound the bat makes. If bats emit a chirp at a Frequency of

8.54 x 10^4 Hz, and if the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the smallest Insect a bat can detect in mm ?
5. A cork on the surface of 5 pond bobs up and down two times per second an Hippies having a wavelength of 9.50 cm .If the cork is 11.5 m fram shore, how long does it take a tipple passing the cork to reach the shore ?
( )S.

A circus performer stretches s tightrope between two towers. He strikes ane end of the rope and sends a wave atong it toward the other tower He notes that It takes the

wave 0. 840 s to reach the opposite tower, 20.0 m away If s 1.00-m length of the rope has a mass of 0.260 kg, find the tension In the tightrope .
( ) N ?.

10.

A certain tuning fork vibrates at a frequency of 161 Hz while each tip of Its two prongs has an amplitude of 0. 724 mm .

(a) What ts the per od of this motlon?
( )ms .

(b) Find the wavelength of the sound produced by the vibrating fork taking the speed of sound in alr to be 343 m/s.
( ) m .

manya12

PHILOS 2TT3 Lecture Notes - Supererogation, Egotism

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