PSYCH 1F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Milgram Experiment, Informed Consent, Statistical Significance
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Naturalistic observation: seeing behaviour in natural setting that is spontaneously produced, ethical issues prevent other methods, (e. g. : observing note taking in a lecture class) Laboratory observation: more controlled, one step out of naturalistic observation, (e. g. Case study: select or limited populations, reserved for cases with very limited participants like 1-8 people, (e. g. Naturalist observations: have to wait for an event to happen/miss the event, observer bias. Case study: limitations: loss of spontaneity, wait for event, observer bias, limited sample size, low generalizability (doesn"t generalize to the larger scope, no cause and effect (have no control) Hypothesis: a prediction, a cause-effect relationship, manipulation: (e. g. : manipulate the study time and the end results on exams) Control: does not get the manipulation/treatment: eliminated extraneous variables (something you didn"t take into account) Extraneous variables happen when unintended factors impact the situation negatively. Handle it by randomly assigning things to the same amount of people.