Lecture 19 (Thursday, October 25, 2012)
Executive Processes
Executive processes = sets of skills that help us engage in goal – directed responses and help us process
information
Controlled, organized, and planned behaviours
Making ourselves do what we have to do in order to deal with the information that we have to deal
with
They are about skills that we learn when we are older that help us deal with large amounts of
incoming information
Example ▯self – monitoring
Watching yourself what you are doing with information helps you realize where you need
improvement and where you are doing well
Example ▯planning/strategizing
Planning and strategizing how you shall improve
Example ▯self – regulation
Developmental course of self – regulation ability?
Example ▯Piaget’s A – not – B task
The idea is that I know that the object is not B, but I cannot inhibit that it is A
If they are not able to make themselves change that response back, it is a self – regulation failure
Example ▯Luria’s tasks
Believed that self – regulation was the root of cognitive development
He came up with various tasks to test self – regulation
Hand task = you make a fist, the child makes a fist, you make a finger, the child makes a finger, and
this is repeated for a while
It is done until it becomes imitative
They then ask to do the opposite response to test for self – regulation
Older kids were better at this
Sun/Moon task = when they showed a picture of a sun, the child said day, when they showed a picture
of a moon, the child said moon
Then they would show one of the pictures on its own to test for self – regulation
There is a huge leap in performance in these tasks from ages 4 to 7
This continues to improve until your late teens
1 Lecture 19 (Thursday, October 25, 2012)
The prefrontal cortex develops until young adulthood
Developmental course of planning/strategizing ability?
It’s a bit slow, usually younger children are bad at both, they get decent at it about the same time
during elementary school
Example ▯Cuvo (1974)
th th
Cuvo gave kids who were in the 5 grade, 8 grade, and university words to memorize
They were given words that were worth 1 cent and words that were 10 cents
Cuvo looked at the types of words that they remembered because this showed which strategy they
used
5 graders ▯didn’t have a strategy at all (memorized words haphazardly)
8 graders ▯had some sort of strategy
University students ▯spent most of their time on 10 cent words
The proportions were what was important
Also the words were all the same, the 10 cent words were not more complicated
Memory Strategies
Memory strategy = allows you to more efficiently process the most information
Rely
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