PSYCH 2AP3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Symbolic Link, Intrusive Thought, Bipolar Disorder

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Epidemiology: 1% annual, 1. 5% lifetime prevalence in us, usually starts in adolescence, early adulthood can begin in childhood, for adult ocd, it is equally prevalent in males and females, childhood ocd, male to female ratio is 3:1. Comorbidity in ocd: depression is the most common comorbid condition for ocd. 10x more common in ocd than in population generally. 33% of ocd patients have mdd when evaluated: 20% lifetime comorbidity with bipolar disorder. Classical conditioning of fear fear conditioned to environmental event, anxiety- reducing behaviours reinforced (reward: cognitive behaviours: Compulsive rituals to relieve anxiety rewarding, leads to that behaviour being repeated. Observable symptoms stem from some unconscious conflict, symbolic link. Anxiety is displaced to a less disturbing thought. Conflict often localized to anal period due to concerns with order, cleanliness. Etiology of ocd: neurostructural: damage to basal ganglia in ocd particularly caudate nucleus involved in voluntary initiation and cessation of movement, ocd symptoms in sydenham"s chorea.

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