PSYCH 1X03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Table Tennis, Mandelbrot Set, Reinforcement
18 May 2017
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Definition: the learning of a contingency between behaviour and consequence. He was wrong: the frequency of the random behaviours gradually decreased over time, suggests that animals follow a simple stimulus response type process with little credit for consciousness. Stamping in or stamping out of behaviour leads to refinement and eventually a contingency. The law of effect: behaviours with positive consequences are stamped in while those with negative consequences are stamped out. All types of instrumental conditioning ben- efit from the immediate presentation of the consequence after the response. Successive approximation: a type of shaping where complex behaviour is organized into smaller steps which gradually build up to the full response that is meant to be conditioned. E. g. training pigeons to play ping pong by teaching them to 1. The discriminative stimulus (sd or s+): when the contingency between a response and a reinforcer is on. S : when the contingency between a response and a reinforcer is off.
