BIOL 1202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Octet Rule, Type B Cipher Machine, Electronegativity
Document Summary
A pure substance composed of only one type of atom. Living organisms are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. Refers to the volume around a nucleus where electrons are most likely found. Chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number arrangements of its orbitals. Refers to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons. Mass - the amount of a substance. Atoms of an element that possesses a different number of neutrons. Spontaneously decay into elements of lower atomic number. Used to follow the fates of various chemicals. More protons in the nucleus, greater the positive field that draws in electrons. Determines the type of bonds (covalent, non-polar covalent, ionic, etc. ) The farther out the electrons are the weaker they feel towards the positive field. In bio, fluorine is so electronegative, you seldom find it in molecular structures. Typically, the most electronegative atom in a biological molecule. Hydrogen and carbon have nearly the same electronegativity.
