BIOL 1221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Antigen-Presenting Cell, Adaptive Immune System, Mhc Restriction
22 Jun 2017
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Document Summary
What occurs during inflammation, 4 cardinal signs of inflammation. Inflammation is triggered whenever the body tissues are injured by physical trauma, intense heat, irritating chemicals, infection by virus, fungi or bacteria. Inflammation prevents the spread of damage to nearby tissue, disposes of cell debris and pathogens, alerts the adaptive immune system, and sets the stage for repair. 4 cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, pain. Begins with chemicals released into ecf by injured tissues, immune cells, blood proteins. Macrophages and epithelial cells of boundary tissues bear toll-like receptors (tlrs) 11 types of tlrs recognize specific classes of infecting microbes. Activated tlrs trigger release of cytokines that promote inflammation. Histamine (inflammatory mediatory) released from mast cells (& basophils) Ab"s from blood to tissue spaces) -local edema (swelling) may contribute to pain sensation as fluid presses on adjacent nerve endings. The surge of protein-rich exudate into tissue: Helps dilute harmful substances, moving foreign material into lymphatic vessels.
