BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Pentose, Hexose, Lactase
21 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Chapter 2 the chemical basis of life ii: organic molecules. 3. 1 the carbon atom and the study of organic molecules. Science of studying carbon-containing molecules is known as organic chemistry: a long time ago it was considered a fruitless endeavour because of vitalism. Vitalism: organic molecules were created by and imparted with a vital life force contained within a plant or animals body. Carbon forms four covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon makes up 18% of the body weight of humans. Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell (4 valance electrons) and needs 4 more electrons to fill the shell: atoms can fill their outermost shells by sharing one or more pairs of electrons. An electron sharing bond is called a covalent bond. Carbon atoms can form 4 covalent bonds with: other carbons, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, single covalent bonds, double covalent bonds.
