NURS 2004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Ace Inhibitor, Heart Failure, Peripheral Edema
31 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Hf is a complex syndrome in which abnormal heart function results in clinical symptoms and signs of low cardiac output and/ or pulmonary or systemic congestion. Dyspnea and fatigue, which may limit exercise tolerance. Fluid retention, which may lead to pulmonary and peripheral edema. Cardiac output: amount of blood leaving the left ventricle (heart rate x stroke volume) *cardiac preload: pressure in the right side of the heart as blood returns to the heart. *cardiac afterload: pressure the heart must pump against within the arterial system to eject blood (peripheral vascular resistance) Ischemic heart disease, chronic hypertension, or volume overload. Ventricular remodeling (the heart gets bigger- hypertrophy) Increased ventricular pressure (lvedp, left ventricle end diastolic pressure= preload) Failure can be left-sided (pulmonary edema- cannot be pushed from pulmonary circulation to the body thus backs up in the lungs) or right-sided (systemic/ pedal edema- can"t be pumped into pulmonary circulation thus backs up into the periphery)
