PSYC 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Amygdala, Acute Stress Reaction, Agoraphobia
28 Jun 2018
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Module 87: Mood Disorders
depression: sad state in which life seems purposeless and one feels overwhelmed
mania: state of elation and frenzied energy
two main disorders
unipolar mood disorder (major depression)
bipolar disorder: alternate between periods of depression and mania
major depressive disorder- a disorder characterized by a depressed mood that is significantly
disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or general medical conditions
bipolar disorder: periods of mania alternate with periods of depression
explanations for bipolar disorder
1. neuroscience (genetics)
2. circadian rhythm disturbance
3. stress plus biological predisposition
five areas of functioning affected
1. emotional- depressed mood
2. motivational- loss of desire to do usual activities, lack of drive
3. behavioural- less active and productive, may move and speak slowly or seem physical
agitated
4. cognitive- negative self-evaluated, self blame, pessimism, quit indecisiveness, difficulty
concentrating, thoughts of death or suicide
5. physical- headaches, indigestion constipaction, dizzy spells,eating and disturbance fatigue
explanations for major depression
cognitive-behaviour model: people learn negative behaviours and dysfunctional thinking
patterns
martins seligman learned helplessness theory
-people become depressed when they think they no longer have controlled over outcomes in
their lives
-first demonstrated in dogs
-added that people blame themselves (negative thinking)
-attribution-helplessness theory- attribute lack of control to an internal cause (deficiency that is
global and stable.
-Aaron beck
-depression results from negative thinking,dysfunctional attitudes and logical thinking process
-the cognitive triad: usually entered around three theme (the person, their experiences and there
future)
social-cultural model: emphasizes social forces(no one is an island ), particularly social
isolation (lack of social support or intimacy)
higher rates of depression among separated or divorced
bipolar disorder: less common than major depression
other cultural stressors (unemployment, lack of purposive work)
cognitive trait: a pattern of thinking in which individuals repeatedly internet their experiences,
themselves, and their futures in negative ways that lead them to feel depression
automatic thoughts: specific upsetting thoughts that arise unbidden.
module 88: anxiety disorder
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