PSYC 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Common Cold, Coronary Artery Disease, Psychoneuroimmunology
28 Jun 2018
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Module 81: responding to stress
3 levels of responses to stress
1. Physiological responses to stress: two main biological pathways are activated
- Sympathetic nervous systems
Rapid response of nervous system to stressor
Involved activation of adrenal medulla
Releases norepinephrine
Increase HR and BP
-Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
First discovered by hans Selye
Stressors activated anterior hypothalamus causing realize of acth in blood stream
-cortisol increases blood sugar and boosts metabolism
the general adaptation syndrome:
- Hans Selye, first to use the term stress in psychology
Proposed a three-step response to prolonged stress
Stage 1. (alarm Reaction) body’s reaction to initial exposure to stressor as resources as
mobilized
Stage 2 (stage of resistance) body’s attempt to stabilize is stressor continues. Continues
to exert energy to combat stressor
Stage3 ( exhaustion) organism is depleted of energy and can no longer offer resistance
results in organ failure and death
2. Emotional responses to stress,
-changes in mood often accompany stress
many studies pointed to an association between stress and anxiety and depression
3. Cognitive response to stress.
4. Cognitive medical theory of stress: how stressful a event is depends on how we
appraise the severity of the situation and our ability to manage it
-Primary appraisal
We assess the situation and determine its severity and implication for us
-Secondary appraisal:
We consider our ability to cope with the event
Executive monkey study (1950)
- Monkeys shocked in paris. One could press the level to terminate or avoid shock. Other
could no
- One who controlled the shock, exhibited most signs of stress
Individual responses to stress: peoples vary is how easily they are stresses
Explanatory style: our characteristics pattern of explaining events
Two general styles
-Optimistic explanatory style: general belief that despite setbacks and losses, things will
improve
Pessimistic explanatory style: belief that if things can go wrong the probably will an
that negative effect will be enduring and global
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
3 levels of responses to stress: physiological responses to stress: two main biological pathways are activated. Stressors activated anterior hypothalamus causing realize of acth in blood stream. Cortisol increases blood sugar and boosts metabolism the general adaptation syndrome: Hans selye, first to use the term stress in psychology. Stage 1. (alarm reaction) body"s reaction to initial exposure to stressor as resources as mobilized. Stage 2 (stage of resistance) body"s attempt to stabilize is stressor continues. Stage3 ( exhaustion) organism is depleted of energy and can no longer offer resistance results in organ failure and death: emotional responses to stress, We assess the situation and determine its severity and implication for us. We consider our ability to cope with the event. One could press the level to terminate or avoid shock. One who controlled the shock, exhibited most signs of stress. Individual responses to stress: peoples vary is how easily they are stresses. Explanatory style: our characteristics pattern of explaining events.
