ANAT 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Intervertebral Foramina, Aorta, Synovial Joint
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31 Jan 2013
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ANATOMY 215
VERTEBRAL COLUMN, THORACIC and ABDOMINAL WALLS
(Reading Materials: Chapter 6: pages 164-176; Chapter 8: pages 220-222; Chapter 10:
pages 281-284; Chapter 22: pages 587, 593, 595)
•Vertebral column (spine):
•general characteristics:
•26 bones:
•vertebrae (24)
•sacrum (1)
•coccyx (1)
•approximately 70 cm long in average adult
•consists of five regions:
•cervical (7 vertebrae)
•thoracic (12 vertebrae)
•lumbar (5 vertebrae)
•sacral
•coccygeal
•spinal curvatures:
•primary: forms in uterus CONCAVE ANTERIORLY
•thoracic
•sacral
•secondary: forms after birth CONCAVE POSTERIORLY
•cervical
•lumbar
•vertebral structure: (Common structural pattern)
•body (anterior)
•vertebral arch (posterior):
•pedicles- contact with body, notches from superior/inferior
•laminae- posterior portion of arch
•spinous process- meeting of 2 laminae
•transverse process- where lamina and pedicle meet (horizontal)
•articular processes:
•superior and inferior- go in opposite directions, specialized surfaces
•articular facets
•vertebral foramen (canal)- body and vertebral arch
•intervertebral foramina- space, spinal nerves pass through opening
•regional vertebral characteristics:
•cervical vertebrae:
•C1-C7
•C1 and C2 are atypical:
•atlas (C1)- ring of bone with 2 large articular surfaces, skull makes contact with occipital
condyles
•axis (C2)- knob/ bony projection= dens, odontoid process, pivot point for atlas to move
L↔R “no”
•C3-C7 are typical:
•oval body
•bifid spinous processes (except C7)- split spinous process, C3-C6
•large triangular vertebral foramen
•transverse foramen- hole in transverse process, major blood vessels- on side of neck,
supply brain
•C7 is the vertebral prominens- bump on neck
•thoracic vertebrae:
•T1-T12
•articulation with ribs:
•facets and demifacets
•heart shaped body- articulating facets for the ribs
•facet orientation between vertebral arches is coronal
•circular vertebral foramen
•long spinous process that points downward
•lumbar vertebrae: