BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Trp Operon, Gene Expression, Non-Coding Rna
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Related Questions
1. What is the term when the product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the activity of the first enzyme of a pathway?
feedback inhibition. | ||
activator inhibition. | ||
diffusional regulation. | ||
enzyme activation. |
2. Through control of gene expression, prokaryotes respond to changing __________ conditions.
internal | ||
protein | ||
environmental | ||
genetic |
3. A protein that negatively regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as the
operon | ||
repressor | ||
activator | ||
inducer |
4. During attenutation, when tryptophan levels are high, the ________ stem-loop forms and transcription ________ the trpL gene.
1-2, ends just past | ||
3-4, ends just past | ||
1-2, continues beyond | ||
3-4, continues beyond |
5. The process of turning on the expression of a gene in response to a substance in the environment is called:
constituation. | ||
repression. | ||
induction. | ||
catabolism. |
6. What is a function of some specific transcription factors?
to bind to the promoter region of the gene to facilitate the proper alignment of the RNA polymerase | ||
to bind to the centromere to induce meiosis | ||
to bind to enhancer regions to help regulate gene transcription | ||
to bind to the operator to recruit sigma factor |
7. How does exposing an E.coli cell to glucose affect the regulation of the lac operon via CAP?
cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is increased. | ||
cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is decreased. | ||
cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is increased. | ||
cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is decreased. |
8. The lac repressor protein works when mutations in the repressor gene and structural genes are:
in cis or in trans. | ||
in trans only. | ||
in cis only. | ||
in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. |
Chapter 10
1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcherâs key experiment?
2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?
3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?
4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?
5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?
Gene | Methylation levels |
1 | ++ |
2 | +++++ |
3 | +++ |
4 | ++ |
5 | + |
What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?
Chapter 11
What are the different types of chromatin?
What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?
What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?
Chapter 12
Explain each of the different models of replication.
If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?
Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.
What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?
Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)
What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?
Chapter 13
What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?
Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.
Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Chapter 14
What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.
What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?
How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?
How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.