BIOL 103 Lecture Notes - Carl Linnaeus, Botany, Phonetics
18 Mar 2013
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Document Summary
Systematics: scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships and origins. Taxonomy = practical side of systematics: naming, describing, classifying organisms, group at any level = taxon, plural = taxa. Classification: grouping organisms by their similarities (e. g. phonetics) or relationships in a system which today are based on sound evolutionary principles. Dead" languages such as latin used for names = stability and international usage. Binomial nomenclature: genus + specific epithet (species name) Hierarchical classification of species: swedish botanist linnaeus developed the hierarchical linnaean" system of classification; species grouped into higher-level units: Genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain: at higher levels, broader range of variation evident, along with fewer shared traits common to all members. Evolutionary phylogeny: evolutionary history of group of organisms derived from a common ancestor, classification ultimately based on common ancestry, traditionally based on structural and other phenotypic similarities; these can be problematic due to convergent evolution.
