BIOL 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Archaea, Experimental Evolution, Escherichia Coli
11 Apr 2017
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1)mechanisms of adaptations: gene regulation, evolution of venoms. How do complex adaptations arise: this leads to new genes. [3 major areas, first 2 involve duplication of an existing gene: 1. Involves reverse transcriptase (either in retrotransposons or retroviruses) Can wind up anywhere back in the genome (not necessarily place of origin: 2. When parts of the genome have difficulty aligning properly during meiosis. 1 part gets copied resulting in 1 chromosome with 2 copies of the gene that has been duplicated. Tandem repeats (repeated very close to one another on the chromosome: 3. Horizontal gene transfer: between conspecifics and heterospecifics (between different members of the same species or different members of different species) Huge in bacteria and archaea (especially genes on plasmids) Can be contrasted with vertical gene transfer (between parents and offspring) Example of resistance to malaria: rapid evolution of virulence in bacteria and disease. Dna, causing confusion when chromatids line up: b) retroposition.
