CHEM 211 Lecture Notes - Superior Vena Cava, Aortic Valve, Pulmonary Valve
Document Summary
Increases when more co2 is produced as a waste product. Decreases as it is used in respiration to produce atp. Sensory nerves send information to the medulla via cranial nerves. Chemoreceptors, aortic and carotid bodies, are located in the aorta and carotid arteries. Primarily monitor ph and co2 level (homeostasis control) Aortic bodies send signals via vagus nerves about breathing reflexes, blood pressure and cardiac activity. Carotid bodies send signals about sensations of breathing and blood pressure. Motor nerves send commands to muscles or organs. Phrenic nerve innervates diaphragm: originate from cervical plexus, high in neck, stimulate breathing by carrying messages from medulla. Intercostal nerves enter intercostal muscles and run along the rib cage. Heart pumps blood through arteries that branch into smaller arterioles, capillaries, then from a network of venules to veins and back to the heart. The heart consists of 4 chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
